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MAMMOTH BONE This is the heavier and shorter of the two large chopper/cleavers that were discovered on the Lange Ferguson site. Both of the cleavers were made from the flat bone area from the same right scapula of an adult mammoth. They provide some of the best evidence of human-modified bone from the site. SEM (scanning electron microscope) examination of the working edge surface of this cleaver (no. 81-22) shows overlapping hinge fractures at the end of flake scars and crushing. Both cleavers and two other scapula fragments were articulated in such a way that it was possible to reconstruct their reduction (manufacturing) process. Edge wear and flake removal patterns indicate the two cleavers were probably used in the butchering process of the two mammoths. This cleaver measures 13 3/16 inches (33.5 cm) long and weighs 13.4 pounds (6,088 grams).
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